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Zurvan: A Zoroastrian Dilemma, by R. C. Zaehner
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- Sales Rank: #3614201 in Books
- Published on: 1972-06
- Original language: English
- Dimensions: 8.75" h x 6.00" w x 1.25" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 511 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Imprescindible work for study of zoroastrianism and ancient religions
By Amazon Customer
This is a reprint of an invaluable work on a well-known problem in history of zoroastrian studies (very importat also for the early christianism and Islam as a heresy), the zurvanism. Zurvanism is an attempt to acommodate the radical dualism of classical zoroastrianism (at least the religion reflected in Young Avesta and greek accounts) to a theological explanation of the existence of an Evil principle, for, if Ahura Mazda is all-good and all-wise, how can be limited by another god all-evil and all-stupid? The solution is a primigenie father of both (the twins Ohrmazd and Ahreman), the god Zurvan, Father Time who engenders such sons but does'nt interfere in the world.
The book has two different parts: The firts, titled "The Argument" is an explanation of the zurvaist sect (or heresy), his opposition to "official" mazdeism in sassanian times, his cosmogony and mythology, etc; all according the pahlavi books such as Bundahishn. There are also references to the islamic-period epic poet Firdausi who, as it is well known, reflects very ancient legendary stuff.
The second part, titled "Texts" is a monumental recopilation of original texts (a few avestic, a great corpus of pahlavi texts and also some new persian, arabic and greek texts) refering zurvanism. Avestic and pahlavi (transcripted) texts are all presented in original languages and translation; greek sources only in ancient greek. Other texts only in translation, some in german and french.
It must be noted that due to the time of composition the avestan and pahlavi transcriptions are outdated in regard of the modern standards, but the work is usable. However, the inclusion of the transliterated pahlavi too is an important lack.
A classical monographic work that must be complemented by other general accounts such as books by Mary Boyce or by more recent and updated works like those of Michael Stausberg
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Very scholarly, very niche
By Khirad
I have never written a review of a book and thought I'd start with one that didn't have a review, but which highly deserved one. Therefore, much to my chagrin and frankly speaking, admitted relief, one has already been written which I echo and recommend in its conciseness.
It must be said that I don't think Amazon recommends this book in connection to the few other sparse books on Zoroastrianism on this site (and for that matter, anywhere). Therefore, if you purposefully sought out this book as I did, I don't feel a need to flesh out Zaehner's credentials, nor do I feel the unique weight to flesh out the complications of Zurvanism elucidated within this magnum opus written at the height his Zoroastrian career. If Zoroastrianism is a niche subject attracting the adventurous few, than the Zurvanite heterodoxy (and its own sects!) in orthodox Sassanian times is doubly so.
To be brief and hopefully not overly redundant: Zaehner ultimately proposes that Zurvanism, while being influenced by the neighboring cultures of the Chaldeans and Greeks, was itself a surviving remnant of an earlier native Iranian religion and that the priestly order of the magis originated in this system. Indeed, when comparing the latter Zoroastrian Church with its earlier Aryan form, there is lack of such institutions; but that syncretism was inevitable for cultural and political consolidation, as is per usual.
The central problem to be reconciled then, of course, is Yasna 45:2 in the Ushtavaiti Gatha about the two Primal Spirits. (For more on what Zarathushtra may or may not have intended, I recommend Ashtiani Jalaleddin's simply titled 'Zarathushtra', though the English translation can be rough at times.) This is the problem which Zaehner wrestles with through philology, textual criticism, history and his own particular keen insight.
At times I wanted to shoot myself. There, I said it. This is a book written for polyglots in ancient languages and such. However; I trudged through it all the same with a determination springing from my passion to learn ever more about the Mazdayasnian faith. However dry, and at times slightly dated, this is a seminal piece, original, and indispensable as was already said -- if for nothing else than the exhaustive passages and glosses of Pahlavi manuscripts, including Greek and Armenian sources and more as well (even Firdausi!). While SBE's and Mary Boyce's "Textual Sources for the Study of Zoroastrianism" are more comprehensive in the overall scope of Zoroastrianism, they don't include pages upon pages of Pahlavi transliteration!
In conclusion, I add one huge caveat. If you know nothing about Zoroastrianism: do not, under any circumstances, start here! R.C. Zaehner is much more accessible in "The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism", "The Teachings of the Magi", or even his entry on our pertinent topic in "Encyclopedia of the World's Religions" -- the latter if you just want a primer. If there is any author I could owe more to than Zaehner in opening up the world of Zoroastrianism, it is Mary Boyce.
As opaque as this book could become, I'm not disappointed having read it. It was an investment as a future resource that I can now turn to whenever needed. Ushta te!
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Great book
By Menander
I love this book . Zaehner has done a great job and so far in my opinion he has written the best book on Zurvan. The physical quality of the book was not so great it seems like photocopies, small fonts and almost no margin and the ink seems smudged in some places but I honestly don't care as I really love the content of this book.
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